Article title: Article titles should be concise and informative. Please avoid abbreviations and formulas unless they are established and widely understood, such as PCR.
Author names: Provide the first name(s) and family name(s) of each author in full, and abbreviations for middle names. Carefully check that all names are spelled accurately.
Affiliations: Below the authors' names, list the affiliations (where the work was done). Include only the department, institute, and/or university, city, and country. No additional information is required. Indicate all affiliations with a lowercase superscript number immediately after each author's name.
Corresponding author: Clearly specify who will manage correspondence for your article throughout all stages of the review and publication process, including after publication. This includes responding to future questions about your results, data, methodology, and materials. Ensure that the corresponding author's email address and contact details, including the "permanent address," remain up to date throughout the entire submission and publication phases.
Abstract: The abstract should be a single paragraph that adheres to the specified word count and follows a structured format without headings. It should include a background that broadly states the question and highlights the study's purpose; briefly describe the materials and methods; summarize the main findings; and present the conclusions. It must objectively represent the article, avoid unsubstantiated results, and not exaggerate conclusions.
Keywords: 5-7 keywords should be added after the abstract, separated by commas, and with the first letter capitalized.
Key Questions Addressed: Please provide 2-4 concise questions that the manuscript aims to answer. These will be published as online summaries alongside the article and will not appear in the PDF version.
Introduction: The introduction should succinctly provide background information in a broad context and clarify the work's importance. It should outline the work's aims, objectives, significance, and the specific hypotheses being tested. The introduction must be clear enough for scientists outside the paper's field to understand.
Materials and Methods: They should provide sufficient detail for others to implement and replicate the techniques. Newly introduced methods and protocols require thorough descriptions, whereas established methods can be summarized with appropriate citations.
Results: Provide a clear and precise summary of the findings and experimental results, including their interpretation and the conclusions that can be drawn. Insert tables and figures in the results section, citing them as Figure 1, Table 1, etc., and place them near their first mention. Include legends with brief titles and captions below figures and above tables. Figures should have a resolution of at least 1000 pixels in width or height and 300 dpi, and should be placed close to the first reference in the main text. Use Microsoft Word's table feature to create tables, with font sizes no smaller than 8 pt.
Discussion: The results should be discussed and interpreted in light of previous studies. Please avoid repeating the results in the discussion. The findings and their implications should be discussed in the broadest possible context, and the work's limitations should be highlighted. In short papers, this section may be combined with the results.
Conclusions: This section is optional, but can be added to the discussion.
Please note that the review article may be divided into subsections with short, informative headings or presented as an original research paper. Systematic reviews should follow the PRISMA guidelines.
Tables
Tables should be submitted as editable text, not images. Position all tables near the related text or on separate pages at the end of your article. Ensure all tables are cited in the manuscript. Avoid vertical rules, cell shading, and redundant data already presented in the results. Don't forget to include captions for each table.
Large tables that extend beyond a single manuscript page should be submitted as supplementary material.
Figures and images
Figures, images, artwork, diagrams, and other graphical media should be submitted as separate files along with the manuscript. All images must be cited in the manuscript text. Number the images in the order they appear in your article. Ensure that captions are included for all figures. Save all figures as TIFF, JPG, or PNG files at a minimum of 300 dpi (for single column: min. 1063 pixels, full page width: 2244 pixels).